Chizvarwa chinotevera chetekinoroji isina waya chakazara nematambudziko, asi izvo hazvina kudzikisira nhanho.
Iyi tekinoroji inozvirumbidza yakakwira data mitengo, yakaderera latency kupfuura 4G LTE, uye kugona kubata zvakanyanya kuwedzera density yemudziyo pane sero saiti.Muchidimbu, ndiyo yakanakisa tekinoroji yekubata mafashama e data inogadzirwa nemotokari sensors, IoT zvishandiso uye, zvichiwedzera, inotevera-chizvarwa zvemagetsi.
Simba rinotyaira kuseri kweiyi tekinoroji inzvimbo itsva yemhepo inogonesa nhare dzenharembozha kuti dzibudirire zvakanyanya neyakafanana spectrum kugoverwa.Iyo itsva network hierarchy ichaita kuti zvive nyore kushanda nemasegmented 5G network nekukubvumidza iwe kugovera zvine simba marudzi akawanda etraffic zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvetraffic.
"Ndezve bandwidth uye latency," akadaro Michael Thompson, RF Solutions Architect paCadence's Custom ICs uye PCBs Group."Ndingakurumidza sei kuwana data yakawanda?Imwe bhenefiti ndeyekuti iyi isimba rinochinja, saka inondichengetedza dambudziko rekusunga chiteshi chese kana akawanda bandwidth chiteshi.Izvi zvakafanana nekupfuura kwezvinodiwa, zvichienderana nekushandiswa.Izvi ndizvo.Nokudaro, inonyanya kushanduka kudarika chiyero chechizvarwa chekare.Pamusoro pezvo, kugona kwayo kwakakwira zvakanyanya. "
Izvi zvinovhura mikana mitsva yekushandisa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, pamitambo yemitambo, muindasitiri uye mune zvekufambisa."Kana ndikaisa masensa akakwana mundege, ndinogona kuidzora, uye nechikumbiro senge muchina kudzidza, ichatanga kunzwisisa kana chikamu, hurongwa kana nzira inoda kugadziriswa kana kutsiviwa," akadaro Thompson.“Saka pane ndege iri kubhururuka nenyika uye ichamhara muLaGuardia.Mirira, mumwe munhu achauya otsiva.Izvi zvinoenda kune yakakura kwazvo midziyo yekufambisa ivhu, uye midziyo yemugodhi uko system inozvitarisira pachayo.Unoda kudzivirira iyi midziyo yemamiriyoni emadhora emadhora kubva pakuparara kuitira kuti irege kugara ipapo yakamirira kuti zvikamu zvitumirwe mukati. Uchange uchigamuchira data kubva kuzviuru zvezvikamu izvi panguva imwe chete.Zvinotora bandwidth yakawanda. uye low latency kuti uwane ruzivo nekukasira.Kana uchida kutendeuka wotumira chimwe chinhu, iwewo unogona kuchitumira nekukurumidza."
Imwe tekinoroji, kuita kwakawanda Izwi re5G rinoshandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana mazuva ano.Muchimiro chayo chakajairwa, uku ndiko kushanduka kwehunyanzvi husina waya huchabvumira masevhisi matsva kuti atongerwe pamusoro peyakajairwa mhepo, akatsanangura Colin Alexander, director weasina waya kushambadzira kweArm's infrastructure business."Mafambiro akati wandei aripo uye matsva achagoverwa kutakura traffic kubva ku-sub-1 GHz pamusoro pemadaro marefu, dhorobha uye yakafara kuvharika, uye millimeter-wave traffic kubva 26 kusvika 60 GHz kune nyowani-yakakwirira-yepamusoro, yakaderera-latency makesi ekushandisa."
The Next Generation Mobile Network Alliance (NGMN) nevamwe vakagadzira notation inoratidza kushandiswa kwemakesi pamapoinzi matatu etatu — imwe kona yekunatsiridza nharembozha, imwe yacho yekupedzisira-yakavimbika yakaderera-latency kutaurirana (URLLC).Kukurukurirana muchina mhando.Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinoda rudzi rwakasiyana zvachose rwetiweki kune zvavanoda.
"Izvi zvinotungamira kune chimwe chinodiwa che5G, chinodiwa chekutsanangura core network," Alexander akadaro."Iyo yakakosha network ichanyatso kuyera marudzi ese akasiyana etraffic."
Akacherekedza kuti nharembozha dzinoshanda dziri kushanda kuti dzipe iyo inochinjika kukwidziridzwa uye kuwedzera kwemanetiweki avo, vachishandisa virtualized uye midziyo yesoftware mashandisirwo ari kushanda pane yakajairwa komputa hardware mugore.
Panyaya ye URLLC traffic mhando, aya maapplication anogona ikozvino kubatwa kubva mugore.Asi izvi zvinoda kufambisa zvimwe zvinodzora uye mabasa emushandisi padhuze nekumucheto kwetiweki, kune iyo mhepo interface.Semuyenzaniso, funga marobhoti akangwara mumafekitari anoda low latency network kuitira kuchengetedza uye kushanda zvakanaka zvikonzero.Izvi zvinoda kumucheto komputa zvidhinha, imwe neimwe iine komputa, chengetedzo, kukurumidza, uye kugona kudzidza muchina, uye kuti mamwe asi asiri ese eV2X uye emotokari application masevhisi achave nezvinodiwa zvakafanana, Alexander anodaro.
"Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo yakaderera latency inodiwa, kugadzirisa kunogona zvakare kuendeswa kumucheto kuverengera uye kutaurira V2X mhinduro.Kana iyo application iri yakawanda nezve manejimendi ezvishandiso, sekupaka kana kutevedza mugadziri, komputa yacho inogona kuve yakawanda cloud computing. "pamudziyo ", - akadaro.
Kugadzira 5G Yekugadzira mainjiniya akapihwa basa rekugadzira 5G machipi, kune akawanda anofamba zvidimbu mupuzzle, imwe neimwe iine yayo seti yekufunga.Semuenzaniso, pazviteshi zvepasi, rimwe rematambudziko makuru mashandisirwo emagetsi.
"Mazhinji ezviteshi zvepasi akagadzirwa neASIC uye FPGA tekinoroji node," akadaro Geoff Tate, CEO weFlex Logix."Parizvino, vakagadzirwa vachishandisa SerDes, iyo inoshandisa simba rakawanda uye inotora nzvimbo yakawanda.Kana iwe uchigona kuvaka programmability muASIC unogona kuderedza mashandisiro emagetsi uye tsoka nekuti haudi SerDes kuti imhanye nekukurumidza-chip uye iwe une yakawanda bandwidth pakati peinorongeka logic uye ASICs Intel inoita izvi nekuisa yavo Xeons neAltera FPGA mu. same package Saka iwe unowana 100 times more bandwidth Zvinhu zvinofadza nezve base zviteshi Kutanga, iwe unovandudza tekinoroji uye ipapo unogona kutengesa nekuishandisa pasi rese.Nenharembozha, unogona kugadzira shanduro dzakasiyana dzenyika dzakasiyana."
Izvo zvinodikanwa zvakasiyana kune zvishandiso zvakaiswa mumusimboti network uye mugore.Imwe yeakakosha yekutarisisa dhizaini inoita kuti zvive nyore kubata software uye nyore chiteshi chekushandisa makesi kumidziyo.
"Ecosystem yezviyero zvekubata virtualized container services seOPNFV (Open Platform for Network Function Virtualization) yakakosha," akadaro Arm's Alexander."Kugadzirisa kudyidzana pakati petiweki zvinhu uye traffic pakati pemidziyo kuburikidza nesevhisi orchestration ichave yakakosha.ONAP (Open Network Automation Platform) muenzaniso.Mashandisirwo emagetsi uye kushanda zvakanaka kwechigadzirwa zvakare akakosha magadzirirwo sarudzo. "
Pamuganhu wetiweki, zvinodiwa zvinosanganisira low latency, high user-level bandwidth, uye kushandiswa kwesimba shoma.
"Accelerators inofanirwa kukwanisa kutsigira zviri nyore zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvemakomputa zvinodiwa izvo zvisingawanzo kubatwa zvakanyanya nechero chinangwa CPU," akadaro Alexander.Kugona kuyera kwakakosha zvikuru.Tsigiro yekuvaka inogona kuyera zviri nyore pakati peASICs, ASSPs, uye FPGAs yakakoshawo, sezvo komputa komputa ichagovaniswa kunetiweki chero saizi uye pane chero chishandiso.Software scalability yakakoshawo. "
5G inogonawo kukonzera shanduko kune chipset architecture, kunyanya panowanikwa maredhiyo.Ron Lowman akataura kuti nepo analog emberi-magumo eLTE mhinduro akaiswa paredhiyo, iyo processor, kana yakanyatsobatanidzwa, apo zvikwata zvekugadzira zvinotamira kune hutsva tekinoroji, iwo ekumberi-magumo anowanzo buda mu chip kutanga odzokera pairi. .sezvo tekinoroji inofambira mberi Iye, Synopsys IoT Strategic Marketing Manager.
"Nekuuya kwe5G, zvinotarisirwa kuti maredhiyo akawanda, ruzivo rwepamusoro-soro, uye nekukurumidza, ruzivo rwepamusoro-soro rwakaita se12nm uye pamusoro ruchaita basa rinokosha muzvikamu zvakabatanidzwa," akadaro Lowman."Izvi zvinoda vanoshandura data vanopinda muanalog interface kuti vakwanise kubata gigasamples pasekondi.Kuvimbika kwepamusoro kunokoshawo nguva dzose.Zvinhu zvakaita seyakavhurika spectrum uye kushandiswa kweWi-Fi kunoita kuti zvinyanye kuoma kupfuura zvazvaive kare.Kuedza kubata nezvose zvisiri basa riri nyore, uye kudzidza muchina uye njere dzekugadzira zvinogona kunyatsokodzera kuita rimwe basa rakaoma.Izvi, zvakare, zvinokanganisa zvivakwa, sezvo zvisingaregi chete kugadzirisa, asiwo ndangariro. "
Thompson weCadence anobvumirana nazvo.“Apo isu tichigadzira 5G kana IoT yemhando yepamusoro 802.11 uye kunyangwe zvimwe zvinotariswa neADAS, tiri kuedza kudzikisa mashandisirwo emagetsi, kuve nemutengo wakaderera, kuve mudiki uye kuwedzera mashandiro nekuenda kumanodhi madiki.Enzanisa izvo nemusanganiswa wako wekunetseka, wakaonekwa muRussian Federation, "akadaro.“Sezvo node dzichiita diki, maICs anowedzera madiki.Kuti IC itore zvizere mukana wehukuru hwayo hudiki, inofanirwa kunge iri mupasuru diki.Pane kusundidzira kuti zvinhu zvive zvidiki uye zvakanyanya compact, asi hachisi chinhu chakanaka. "yeRF Dhizaini".“…mukuenzanisa, ini handinetseki zvakanyanya nezve mhedzisiro yedunhu pakugovera.Kana ndine chidimbu chesimbi, chinogona kutaridzika senge chinopikisa zvishoma, asi chinoita senge chinopikisa pane zvese mafrequency.Kana iri RF effect, saka iri tambo yekutumira, ichataridzika zvakasiyana zvichienderana nekuti ndiri kutumira kakawanda sei pamusoro payo. Iyi minda ichakonzerwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeketani. Ikozvino ndaunganidza zvinhu zvose pedyo nemumwe uye pazvinenge zvaitika. anoita, kubatana Dhigirii kunowedzera exponentially.Pandinosvika madiki nodes, izvi coupling migumisiro vanonyanya kutaurwa, izvo zvinorevawo kuti kurerekera voltage idiki.Saka ruzha chinhu chikuru mugumisiro nokuti handisaruri mudziyo pasi. kuderera kwemagetsi, ruzha rwakafanana rune mhedzisiro yakawanda. Mazhinji ematambudziko aya aripo padanho rehurongwa mu5G. "
Kutariswa kutsva pakuvimbika Kuvimbika kwatora chirevo chitsva mukutaurirana kusina waya sezvo machipisi aya achishandiswa mumotokari, maindasitiri uye zvikumbiro zvekurapa.Izvi hazviwanzo hukama nekutaurirana newaya, uko kutadza kwekubatanidza, kuderera kwekuita, kana chero imwe nyaya inogona kukanganisa sevhisi inowanzoonekwa sekukanganisa kwete nyaya yekuchengetedza.
"Tinofanirwa kutsvaga nzira nyowani dzekuona kuti machipisi ekuchengetedza anoshanda akavimbika," akadaro Roland Jahnke, Musoro weMadhizaini Methods kuFraunhofer EAS.“Seindasitiri, hatisati tasvika.Tiri kuedza kuronga maitirwo ebudiriro izvozvi.Isu tinofanirwa kutarisa kuti zvikamu nematurusi zvinopindirana sei, uye tine basa rakawanda kuti tive nechokwadi chekuenderana. "
Jahnke akacherekedza kuti kusvika pari zvino mazhinji ematambudziko ave nekuda kwekukanganisa kumwechete kwekugadzira.“Ko kana paine tsikidzi mbiri kana nhatu?Weverifier anofanirwa kuudza mugadziri izvo zvinogona kukanganisa uye kune tsikidzi, uye ozvidzosera kumashure panguva yekugadzira. "
Iyi yave nyaya hombe mumisika zhinji yekuchengetedza yakakosha, uye nyaya hombe ine waya uye mota ndiyo inoramba ichiwedzera nhamba yezvakasiyana pamativi ese."Zvimwe zvacho zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti zvigare zviripo," anodaro Oliver King, CTO weMoortec."Kufananidzira pachine nguva kunogona kufanotaura kuti zvinhu zvichashandiswa sei.Zvakaoma kufanotaura.Zvinotora nguva kuona kuti zvinhu zvinofamba sei.”
Musha network inodiwa.Nekudaro, makambani akakwana anonzwa kuti 5G ine mabhenefiti akakwana kupembedza kuedza kwekuvaka zvivakwa zvinodiwa kuti zvese zvishande.
Magdi Abadir, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wekushambadzira kuHelic, akati mutsauko mukuru ne5G uchave kumhanya kwedata kunopihwa."5G inogona kushanda nekumhanya kubva pa10 kusvika ku20 gigabits pasekondi.Izvo zvivakwa zvinofanirwa kutsigira rudzi rwekuchinjisa data, uye machipi anofanirwa kugadzirisa iyi inouya data.Kune vanogamuchira uye vanotumira mumabhendi pamusoro pe100 GB, iyo frequency inofanirwawo kuverengerwa.MuRussian Federation, vanoshandiswa kune frequency ye70 GHz yemaradhi nezvimwe zvakadaro. "
Kugadzira zvivakwa izvi ibasa rakaoma iro rinotenderera akati wandei malink mumagetsi ekupa cheni.
"Mashiripiti ari kutaurwa kuti izvi zviitike kuyedza kuwedzera kubatanidza kudivi reRF reSoC," Abadir akadaro.Kubatanidzwa neanalog ADC uye DAC zvikamu zvine yakanyanya kwazvo sampling rate.Zvese zvinofanirwa kubatanidzwa mune imwecheteyo SoC.Takaona kubatanidzwa uye kukurukura nyaya dzekubatanidza, asi izvi zvinowedzeredza zvese nekuti zvinomisa chinangwa chepamusoro uye chinomanikidza vanogadzira kuti vabatanidze zvakatopfuura zvaifungwa kare.Zvakaoma kuparadzanisa zvese uye kusakanganisa matunhu akavakidzana. ”
Kubva pakuona uku, 2G inonyanya kutumirwa kwezwi, nepo 3G ne4G zvakanyanya kutumira data uye rubatsiro rwakanyanya.Pane zvinopesana, 5G inomiririra kuwanda kwemidziyo yakasiyana, masevhisi akasiyana uye kuwedzera bandwidth.
"Nzvimbo itsva dzekushandisa dzakadai seyakakwidziridzwa nharembozha uye yakaderera latency yekubatanidza inoda kuwedzera 10x mubandwidth," akadaro Mike Fitton, Strategic Planner uye Bhizinesi Development Specialist kuAchronix."Uyezve, 5G inotarisirwa kuve yakakosha kuV2X, kunyanya kuchizvarwa chinotevera che5G.5G Release 16 ichave ne URLLC iyo yakakosha kune V2X application.Network type application.
Kuronga remangwana risina chokwadi re5G rinowanzotaridzwa senhevedzano yemhando yepamusoro ine 10x yakawanda bandwidth, 5x latency, uye 5-10x mamwe madivayiri.Izvi zvinoomeswa nenyaya yekuti inki mu5G specs haina kuoma zvakanyanya.Kune nguva dzose kunonoka kwekuwedzera kunoda kuchinjika uye kushanduka kuita programmability.
"Kana iwe ukafunga izvo zviviri zvikuru zvinodiwa zveHardware data link nekuda kweiyo bandwidth yakakwira uye kudiwa kwekushanduka-shanduka, izvi zvinoreva kuti ungangoda imwe mhando yeSoC yakatsaurirwa kana ASIC ine zvimwe hurongwa pakati pehardware nesoftware.... kana iwe ukatarisa yega yega 5G papuratifomu nhasi, ese akavakirwa paFPGAs nekuti hausi kungoona mabudiro.Pane imwe nguva, ese makuru asina waya maOEM anogona kuenda kune yakawedzera hupfumi uye yakagadziridzwa software ASIC simba, asi inoda kuchinjika uye kutyaira kudzikisa mutengo uye mashandisiro emagetsi.Zviri pamusoro pekuchengetedza kuchinjika kwaunoda (muFPGAs kana akamisikidzwa FPGAs) wobva wawedzera mashandiro pazvinogoneka kuwana mutengo wakaderera uye mashandisiro emagetsi. "
Tate yeFlex Logix inobvumirana.“Makambani anodarika zana anoshanda munzvimbo iyi.Iyo spectrum yakasiyana, iyo protocol yakasiyana, uye machipisi anoshandiswa akasiyana.Iyo inodzokorora chip ichave yakanyanya kushomeka musimba pamadziro echivako, panogona kunge paine nzvimbo iyo eFPGA inonyanya kukosha. "
Inoenderana Nhau Iyo Rocky Road kuenda ku5G Iyi tekinoroji isina waya ichasvika papi, uye ndeapi matambudziko asara kuti akundwe?Wireless Testing Inotarisana Nezvipingamupinyi Zvitsva Kuuya kwe5G uye humwe hutsva husina waya tekinoroji kuri kuita kuti kuyedzwa kunyanye kuoma.Wireless kuyedza ndiyo imwe inogoneka mhinduro.Tech Talk: Chii 5G, iyo itsva isina waya mwero, inorevei kune tech indasitiri uye ndeapi matambudziko ari kumberi.5G Test Equipment Race Inotanga Chizvarwa chinotevera cheteknolojia isina waya ichiri mukugadzirwa, asi vatengesi vezvigadzirwa vakagadzirira kuedza 5G mukuendesa ndege.
Iyo indasitiri yakafambira mberi mukunzwisisa kuti kuchembera kunokanganisa sei kuvimbika, asi zvimwe zvakasiyana zvinoita kuti zviome kugadzirisa.
Boka riri kuongorora kugona kwe2D zvinhu, 1000-layer NAND memory, uye nzira nyowani dzekuhaya tarenda.
Heterogeneous kubatanidzwa uye kuwedzera kuwanda pamberi-yekupedzisira node zvinoisa mamwe matambudziko uye anotyisa ekugadzira IC uye kurongedza.
Kusimbisa processor kwakaoma zvakanyanya kupfuura ASIC yehukuru hwakafanana, uye RISC-V processors inowedzera imwe nhanho yekuoma.
127 yekutanga yakasimudza $ 2.6 bhiriyoni, nemari yakakosha yakasimudzwa nedata center yekubatanidza, quantum computing uye mabhatiri.
Iyo indasitiri yakafambira mberi mukunzwisisa kuti kuchembera kunokanganisa sei kuvimbika, asi zvimwe zvakasiyana zvinoita kuti zviome kugadzirisa.
Heterogeneous dhizaini, kupisa kusawirirana mumakesi akasiyana ekushandisa kunogona kukanganisa zvese kubva kukurumidza kuchembera kusvika kuhondo uye kutadza kwehurongwa.
Iyo nyowani yekurangarira chiyero inowedzera zvakakosha mabhenefiti, asi ichiri kudhura uye yakaoma kushandisa.Izvi zvinogona kuchinja.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-16-2023