- Chii chinonzi MIMO?
Munguva ino yekubatana, nharembozha, sehwindo rekuti titaurirane nenyika yekunze, inoratidzika kunge yava chikamu chemiviri yedu.
Asi nharembozha haikwanise kusevha padandemutande yega, network yenharembozha yave yakakosha semvura nemagetsi kuvanhu.Paunenge uchivhura internet, haunzwe kukosha kweaya ari kumashure-kwe-magamba magamba.Kana wangoenda, unonzwa sokuti hauchakwanisi kurarama.
Pane imwe nguva, nharembozha 'internet yaichajwa netraffic, avhareji mari yemunhu imari shoma, asi 1MHz inoda kushandisa mari.Saka, paunoona Wi-Fi, iwe uchanzwa wakachengeteka.
Ngationei kuti router isina waya inotaridzika sei.
8 antennas, inoita kunge dandemutande.
Chiratidzo chinogona kupinda nepamadziro maviri kana anopfuura?Kana kuti internet inomhanya zvakapetwa kaviri?
Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa nerouter, uye inowanikwa nemaantenna akawanda, yakakurumbira MIMO tekinoroji.
MIMO, inova Multi-input Multi kubuda.
Zvakaoma kufungidzira izvozvo, handiti?Chii chinonzi Multi-input Multi-output, antennas anogona sei kuita zvese zvinokonzeresa?Paunenge uchitsvaga internet kuburikidza netiweki tambo, kubatana pakati pekombuta neinternet itambo yemuviri, zviri pachena.Zvino ngatifungei patinoshandisa antenna kutumira masaini kuburikidza nemhepo tichishandisa mafungu emagetsi.Mhepo unoita sewaya asi iri virtual, chiteshi chekutumira masaini chinonzi wireless channel.
Saka, ungaita sei kuti internet ikurumidze?
Hongu, wakarurama!Inogona kugadziriswa nemamwe mashoma antennas, mashoma mashoma mawaya pamwe chete kutumira uye kugamuchira data.MIMO yakagadzirirwa chiteshi chisina waya.
Zvakangofanana newireless routers, 4G base chiteshi uye nharembozha yako iri kuita chinhu chimwe chete.
Kutenda kuMIMO Technology, iyo yakanyatsobatanidzwa ne4G, tinogona kuona kukurumidza kukurumidza kweinternet.Panguva imwe cheteyo, mutengo wevanofambisa nharembozha wakadzikira zvakanyanya;isu tinogona kushandisa zvishoma kuti tinzwe nekukurumidza uye kusingagumi internet kumhanya.Iye zvino tinogona pakupedzisira kubvisa kuvimba kwedu paWi-Fi uye kusevha internet nguva dzese.
Zvino, regai ndizivise kuti MIMO chii?
2.MIMO Classification
Chekutanga pane zvese, iyo MIMO yatambotaura inoreva kuwedzera kwakakosha kwekumhanya kwetiweki mukurodha.Imhaka yekuti, parizvino, isu tine kudiwa kwakasimba kwekurodha.Funga nezvazvo, unogona kudhawunirodha akawanda eGHz mavhidhiyo asi kurodha kazhinji angori mashoma MHz.
Sezvo MIMO ichinzi kuwanda kwekuisa uye kuburitsa kwakawanda, nzira dzakawanda dzekufambisa dzinogadzirwa nemaantenna akawanda.Ehe, kwete chete iyo base chiteshi inotsigira akawanda antenna kutapurirana, asi nhare mbozha inodawo kusangana neakawanda antenna kugamuchira.
Ngatitarisei kudhirowa kuri nyore kunotevera: (Kutaura zvazviri, base station antenna yakakura, uye nharembozha antenna idiki uye yakavanzwa. Asi kunyangwe nekugona kwakasiyana, vari munzvimbo dzakafanana dzekutaurirana.)
Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwema antenna e base station uye nharembozha, inogona kupatsanurwa mumhando ina: SISO, SIMO, MISO uye MIMO.
SISO: Kupinza Kamwechete uye Kubuda Mumwechete
SIMO: Kupinza Kamwechete uye Kubuda Kwakawanda
MISO: Multiple Input uye Imwe Kubuda
MIMO: Zvakawanda Kubuda uye Zvakawanda Kubuda
Ngatitange neSISO:
Iyo yakapfava fomu inogona kutsanangurwa muMIMO mazwi seSISO - Imwe Input Imwe Kubuda.Iyi transmitter inoshanda neantenna imwe se des the receiver.Iko hakuna kusiyana-siyana, uye hapana kumwe kugadzirisa kunodiwa.
Kune imwe antenna yebhesi chiteshi uye imwe yefoni mbozha;hazvikanganisi mumwe nemumwe - nzira yekufambisa pakati pavo ndiyo chete kubatana.
Hapana mubvunzo kuti hurongwa hwakadaro husina kusimba, inzira duku.Chero mamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisirwi achaita zvakananga kutyisidzira kukukurukurirana.
SIMO iri nani nekuti kugamuchirwa kwefoni kunowedzerwa.
Sezvauri kuona, nharembozha haigone kushandura mhepo isina waya, saka inozvishandura pachayo - nhare mbozha inowedzera antenna pachayo.
Nenzira iyi, meseji inotumirwa kubva pachigadziko chiteshi inogona kusvika parunhare mbozha munzira mbiri!Ingori kuti vese vanobva kune imwechete antenna pa base station uye vanogona chete kutumira iyo yakafanana data.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, hazvina basa kana iwe ukarasikirwa neimwe data munzira yega yega.Chero bedzi foni ichigona kugamuchira kopi kubva kune chero nzira, kunyangwe iyo yakakura huwandu hunoramba hwakafanana munzira yega yega, mukana wekugamuchira data zvinobudirira kaviri.Izvi zvinonziwo gamuchira zvakasiyana-siyana.
Chii chinonzi MISO?
Mune mamwe mazwi, nhare mbozha ichine antenna imwe, uye nhamba yeantenna mu base station inowedzerwa kusvika maviri.Muchiitiko ichi, iyo data yakafanana inofambiswa kubva kune maviri transmitter antennas.Uye inogamuchira antenna inobva yakwanisa kugamuchira iyo yakakwana chiratidzo uye chaiyo data.
Chakanakira kushandisa MISO ndechekuti akawanda antennas uye data inofambiswa kubva kune inogamuchira kuenda kune inotapurirana.Iyo base station inogona kuramba ichitumira iyo yakafanana data munzira mbiri;hazvina basa kana ukarasikirwa neimwe data;kukurukurirana kunogona kuenderera mberi.
Kunyange zvazvo huwandu hwehuwandu hunoramba hwakafanana, kubudirira kwekukurukurirana kwakapetwa kaviri.Iyi nzira inodaidzwa zvakare kunzi transmit diversity.
Pakupedzisira, ngatitaure nezveMIMO.
Kune anopfuura antenna imwe kumagumo eredhiyo link, uye iyi inonzi MIMO -Multiple Input Multiple Output.MIMO inogona kushandiswa kupa kuvandudzwa mune ese ari maviri chiteshi kusimba pamwe nekubuda kwechiteshi.Iyo base station uye mobile side inogona kushandisa maviri antenna kutumira uye kugamuchira yakazvimirira, uye zvinoreva kuti kumhanya kwakapetwa kaviri?
Nenzira iyi, kune nzira ina dzekufambisa pakati peiyo base station uye mbozha nhare, iyo inoita kunge yakanyanya kuoma.Asi kuve nechokwadi, nekuti base chiteshi uye nhare mbozha rutivi zvese zvine 2 antennas, inogona kutumira uye kugamuchira maviri data panguva imwe chete.Saka yakawanda sei iyo MIMO yakakura huwandu hunowedzera kuenzanisa neimwe nzira?Kubva pane yakapfuura ongororo yeSIMO neMISO, zvinoita sekunge huwandu hwepamusoro hunoenderana nehuwandu hwema antenna pamativi ese.
Iwo maMIMO masisitimu anowanzo seA * B MIMO;A zvinoreva nhamba ye base station's antennas, B zvinoreva huwandu hwenharembozha antennas.Funga nezve 4 * 4 MIMO uye 4 * 2 MIMO.Iwe unofunga kuti inzvimbo ipi yakakura?
4 * 4 MIMO inogona kutumira uye kugamuchira 4 chiteshi panguva imwe chete, uye huwandu hwayo hwepamusoro hunogona kusvika 4 nguva iyo yeSISO system.4 * 2 MIMO inogona chete kusvika kaviri paSISO system.
Izvi uchishandisa ma antennae akawanda uye nzira dzakasiyana dzekutapurirana munzvimbo yemultiplexing kutumira akawanda makopi e data rakasiyana mukuwirirana kuwedzera huwandu hunodaidzwa kuti space division multiplex.
Saka, iyo yakanyanya kutapurirana simba muMIMO system?Ngatiuye kumuedzo.
Isu tichiri kutora base chiteshi uye nhare mbozha ine 2 antennas semuenzaniso.Ndeipi nzira yekufambisa pakati pavo?
Sezvauri kuona, nzira ina dzinopfuura nepakati pekudzima uye kupindira kwakafanana, uye kana data rasvika parunhare mbozha, havachakwanisa kusiyanisa.Izvi hazvina kufanana nenzira imwe chete here?Panguva ino, iyo 2 * 2 MIMO system haina kufanana neiyo SISO system?
Nenzira imwecheteyo, 2 * 2 MIMO sisitimu inogona kudzikira kuita SIMO, MISO, uye mamwe masisitimu, zvinoreva kuti nzvimbo yekupatsanura yakawandax inoderedzwa kusvika pakutapurirana siyana kana iyo inogashira kusiyana, tarisiro yechiteshi chepasi zvakare yadzikira kubva mukumhanyisa kumhanya kusvika. kuve nechokwadi chekugamuchira kubudirira kwehuwandu.
Uye masisitimu eMIMO anodzidzwa sei uchishandisa zviratidzo zvemasvomhu?
3.Chakavanzika cheMIMO chiteshi
Mainjiniya anofarira kushandisa zviratidzo zvemasvomhu.
Mainjiniya akamaka iyo data kubva kumaantenna maviri pachigadziko chiteshi seX1 neX2, iyo data kubva kune nharembozha antennas seY1 neY2, nzira ina dzekufambisa dzakaiswa maki seH11, H12, H21, H22.
Zviri nyore kuverenga Y1 uye Y2 nenzira iyi.Asi dzimwe nguva, huwandu hwe2 * 2 MIMO hunogona kusvika kaviri yeSISO, dzimwe nguva haigone, dzimwe nguva inotove yakafanana neSISO.Unozvitsanangura sei?
Iri dambudziko rinogona kutsanangurwa neiyo nzira yekubatanidza iyo yatichangobva kutaura - iyo yakakwira kuwirirana, zvakanyanya kuoma kusiyanisa nzira yega yega yekutapurirana n kudivi renhare.Kana chiteshi chakafanana, saka equation mbiri dzinova imwe, saka pane nzira imwe chete yekuifambisa.
Zviripachena, chakavanzika cheMIMO chiteshi chiri mukutongwa kwekuzvimirira kwenzira yekufambisa.Ndiko kuti, chakavanzika chiri muH11, H12, H21, uye H22.Mainjiniya anorerutsa equation sezvinotevera:
Mainjiniya akaedza kurerutsa iyo H1, H12, H21, uye H22, kuburikidza nedzimwe shanduko dzakaoma, iyo equation uye pakupedzisira yakashandurwa kuita fomula.
Mapopu maviri X'1 ne X'2, wedzera λ1uye λ2, unogona kuwana Y'1 neY'2.Ko kukosha kwe λ1 uye λ2 zvinorevei?
Pane matrix matsva.Matrix ane data pane imwe chete diagonal inonzi diagonal matrix.Nhamba ye data isiri zero pane diagonal inonzi chiyero che matrix.Muna 2*2 MIMO, inoreva maNon-zero values e λ1 ne λ2.
Kana chinzvimbo chiri 1, zvinoreva kuti 2 * 2 MIMO sisitimu yakabatana zvakanyanya munzvimbo yekufambisa, zvinoreva kuti MIMO inodzikira kuenda kuSISO kana SIMO uye inogona kungogamuchira uye kutumira data rese panguva imwe chete.
Kana chinzvimbo chiri 2, saka sisitimu yacho ine nzira mbiri dzakazvimiririra dzepamhepo.Inogona kutumira uye kugamuchira data panguva imwe chete.
Saka, kana chinzvimbo chiri 2, kugona kwematanho maviri aya ekutapurirana zvakapetwa kaviri kune imwe?Mhinduro iri mureshiyo ye λ1 ne λ2, iyo inodaidzwa zvakare kuti nhamba yemamiriro.
Kana nhamba yezvisungo iri 1, zvinoreva λ1 uye λ2 zvakafanana;vane rusununguko rwepamusoro.Kugona kweiyo 2 * 2 MIMO system inogona kusvika pakakwirira.
Kana nhamba yezvisungo yakakwira kupfuura 1, zvinoreva kuti λ1 uye λ2 zvakasiyana.Zvisinei, pane nzira mbiri dzepamhepo, uye hunhu hwakasiyana, ipapo sisitimu inoisa zviwanikwa zvikuru pachiteshi nemhando yepamusoro.Nenzira iyi, 2 * 2 MIMO system huwandu ndeye 1 kana 2 nguva dzeSISO system.
Nekudaro, iyo ruzivo inogadzirwa panguva yekufambiswa kwenzvimbo mushure mekunge base station yatumira iyo data.Iyo base station inoziva sei nguva yekutumira imwe chiteshi kana maviri chiteshi?
Usakanganwa, uye hapana zvakavanzika pakati pavo.Iyo mbozhanhare inotumira yayo yakayerwa chiteshi mamiriro, iyo yekutapurirana matrix chinzvimbo, uye mazano e precoding kune base chiteshi chekutarisa.
Panguva ino, ndinofunga tinogona kuona kuti MIMO inoshanduka kuva chinhu chakadaro.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-20-2021