Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pe5G ne4G?
Nyaya yanhasi inotanga neformula.
Zviri nyore asi zvemashiripiti.Zviri nyore nekuti zvine mavara matatu chete.Uye zvinoshamisa nekuti iri fomula rine chakavanzika chehunyanzvi hwekutaurirana.
Formula ndeiyi:
Rega nditsanangure fomula, inova ndiyo yekutanga fizikisi fomula, kumhanya kwechiedza = wavelength * frequency.
Nezve fomula, unogona kuti: ingave iri 1G, 2G, 3G, kana 4G, 5G, zvese zviri zvega.
Wired?Wireless?
Kune mhando mbiri chete dzeruzivo rwekutaurirana - waya yekutaurirana uye isina waya.
Kana ndikakudana, iyo data data iri mumhepo (isingaoneki uye isingabatike) kana iyo yenyama zvinhu (inooneka uye inobatika).
Kana ichipfuudzwa pamidziyo yemuviri, iwaya kutaurirana.Inoshandiswa waya yemhangura, optical fiber., nezvimwewo, zvese zvinonzi wired media.
Kana data ichifambiswa pamusoro peiyo wired media, chiyero chinogona kusvika pamhando yepamusoro.
Semuenzaniso, murabhoritari, kukurumidza kukuru kwefiber imwe chete kwasvika 26Tbps;inokwana zviuru makumi maviri nezvitanhatu zvetambo dzechinyakare.
Optical Fiber
Kukurukurirana nendege ndiro dambudziko rekutaurirana kwenharembozha.
Iyo yazvino nharembozha chiyero ndeye 4G LTE, yetioretical kumhanya ye150Mbps chete (kusingabatanidzi mutakuri aggregation).Ichi hachisi chinhu zvachose kana chichienzaniswa netambo.
Naizvozvo,kana 5G iri yekuwana yakakwira-kumhanya-kusvika-kumagumo, iyo yakakosha poindi ndeyekutyora nepakati isina waya bhodhoro.
Sezvatinoziva tese, kutaurirana pasina waya iko kushandiswa kwemafungu emagetsi ekutaurirana.Mafungu emagetsi uye masaisai emwenje ese ari maviri emagetsi emagetsi.
Kuwanda kwayo kunosarudza kushanda kweiyo electromagnetic wave.Electromagnetic mafungu emhando dzakasiyana ane maitiro akasiyana uye nekudaro ane mamwe mashandisiro.
Semuyenzaniso, high-frequency gamma rays ine ngozi huru uye inogona kushandiswa kurapa mapundu.
Isu parizvino tinonyanya kushandisa masaisai emagetsi pakutaurirana.hongu, kune kusimuka kwekutaurirana kwemaziso, seLIFI.
LiFi (kutendeseka kwechiedza), kuoneka kwechiedza kutaurirana.
Ngatidzokei kumasaisai eredhiyo kutanga.
Zvemagetsi ndezverudzi rwe electromagnetic wave.Zviwanikwa zvaro zvefrequency zvishoma.
Isu takakamura frequency muzvikamu zvakasiyana uye tozvipa kune akasiyana zvinhu uye mashandisiro kudzivirira kupindira uye kupokana.
| Band Name | Kudimburira | ITU Band nhamba | Frequency uye Wavelength | Mienzaniso Inoshandiswa |
| Yakanyanya Kuderera Frequency | ELF | 1 | 3-30Hz100,000-10,000km | Kukurukurirana nengarava dzepasi pemvura |
| Super Low Frequency | SLF | 2 | 30-300Hz10,000-1,000km | Kukurukurirana nengarava dzepasi pemvura |
| Ultra Low Frequency | ULF | 3 | 300-3,000Hz1,000-100km | Submarine Communication, Kukurukurirana mukati memigodhi |
| Very Low Frequency | VLF | 4 | 3-30KHz100-10km | Kufamba, zvikwangwani zvenguva, kutaurirana kwepasi pemvura, madhiri emoyo asina waya, geophysics |
| Low Frequency | LF | 5 | 30-300KHz10-1km | Kufamba, zvikwangwani zvenguva, kutepfenyura kwe AM Longwave (Europe uye Zvikamu zveAsia), RFID, nhepfenyuro yeamateur. |
| Pakati Frequency | MF | 6 | 300-3,000KHz1,000-100m | AM (yepakati-wave) kutepfenyura, redhiyo yeamateur, mabhekoni emvura |
| High Frequency | HF | 7 | 3-30MHz100-10M | Shortwave nhepfenyuro, vagari bhendi redhiyo, amateur radio uye pamusoro-the-horizon aviation kutaurirana, RFID, pamusoro-the-horizon radar, otomatiki link kumisikidzwa (ALE) / pedyo-yakatarisana chiitiko skywave (NVIS) radio kutaurirana, marine uye nhare mbozha nharembozha. |
| Yakanyanya high frequency | VHF | 8 | 30-300MHz10-1m | FM, kutepfenyura kweterevhizheni, mutsara-wekuona pasi-kune-ndege uye ndege-kune-ndege kutaurirana, nyika nharembozha uye yegungwa kutaurirana, redhiyo yeamateur, redhiyo yemamiriro ekunze. |
| Ultra yakakwirira frequency | UHF | 9 | 300-3,000MHz1-0.1m | Nhepfenyuro yeTerevhizheni, microwave oveni, microwave zvishandiso / kutaurirana, radio astronomy, nharembozha, isina waya LAN, Bluetooth, ZigBee, GPS uye maviri-nzira maredhiyo akadai sepasi nhare, FRS uye GMRS maredhiyo, amateur radio, satellite radio, Remote control Systems, ADSB |
| Super High frequency | SHF | 10 | 3-30GHz100-10mm | Radio astronomy, microwave madivayiri/kutaurirana, wireless LAN, DSRC, radar zhinji dzemazuvano, masatellite ekutaurirana, tambo nesatellite kutepfenyura terevhizheni, DBS, amateur radio, satellite radio. |
| Yakanyanya kukwirisa frequency | EHF | 11 | 30-300GHz10-1mm | Radio astronomy, high-frequency microwave radio relay, microwave iri kure inonzwa, amateur radio, yakananga-simba rechombo, millimeter wave scanner, Wireless Lan 802.11ad |
| Terahertz kana Yakanyanya yakakwirira frequency | THz yeTHF | 12 | 300-3,000GHz1-0.1mm | Kuedza kufungidzira kwekurapa kutsiva X-rays, ultrafast molecular dynamics, condensed-matter physics, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, terahertz computing/communications, remote sensing. |
Kushandiswa kwemasaisai eredhiyo emhando dzakasiyana
Isu tinonyanya kushandisaMF-SHFyekutaurirana nenharembozha.
Semuenzaniso, "GSM900" uye "CDMA800" inowanzoreva GSM inoshanda pa900MHz uye CDMA ichimhanya pa800MHz.
Parizvino, chiyero chepasi rose che4G LTE tekinoroji ndeye UHF neSHF.
China inonyanya kushandisa SHF
Sezvauri kuona, nekuvandudzwa kwe1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, radio frequency inoshandiswa iri kuramba ichikwira nekukwira.
Sei?
Izvi zvinonyanya nekuti iyo yakakwira frequency, iyo yakawanda frequency zviwanikwa zviripo.Iyo yakawanda frequency zviwanikwa zviripo, iyo yakakwirira mwero wekutapurirana unogona kuwanikwa.
Higher frequency inoreva zvimwe zviwanikwa, zvinoreva kukurumidza kukurumidza.
Saka, chii 5 G inoshandisa iyo chaiyo frequency?
Sezvinoratidzwa pasi apa:
Iyo frequency range ye5G yakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: imwe iri pazasi 6GHz, iyo isina kunyanya kusiyana neyedu yazvino 2G, 3G, 4G, uye imwe, iyo yakakwirira, pamusoro pe24GHz.
Parizvino, 28GHz ndiyo inotungamira yepasi rose bhendi (iyo frequency bhendi inogona zvakare kuve yekutanga yekutengesa frequency bhendi ye5G)
Kana ikaverengerwa ne 28GHz, zvinoenderana neformula yatataura pamusoro apa:
Zvakanaka, ndiyo yekutanga tekinoroji chimiro che5G
Millimeter-wave
Nditendere kuti ndiratidze tafura yefrequency zvakare:
| Band Name | Kudimburira | ITU Band nhamba | Frequency uye Wavelength | Mienzaniso Inoshandiswa |
| Yakanyanya Kuderera Frequency | ELF | 1 | 3-30Hz100,000-10,000km | Kukurukurirana nengarava dzepasi pemvura |
| Super Low Frequency | SLF | 2 | 30-300Hz10,000-1,000km | Kukurukurirana nengarava dzepasi pemvura |
| Ultra Low Frequency | ULF | 3 | 300-3,000Hz1,000-100km | Submarine Communication, Kukurukurirana mukati memigodhi |
| Very Low Frequency | VLF | 4 | 3-30KHz100-10km | Kufamba, zvikwangwani zvenguva, kutaurirana kwepasi pemvura, madhiri emoyo asina waya, geophysics |
| Low Frequency | LF | 5 | 30-300KHz10-1km | Kufamba, zvikwangwani zvenguva, kutepfenyura kwe AM Longwave (Europe uye Zvikamu zveAsia), RFID, nhepfenyuro yeamateur. |
| Pakati Frequency | MF | 6 | 300-3,000KHz1,000-100m | AM (yepakati-wave) kutepfenyura, redhiyo yeamateur, mabhekoni emvura |
| High Frequency | HF | 7 | 3-30MHz100-10M | Shortwave nhepfenyuro, vagari bhendi redhiyo, amateur radio uye pamusoro-the-horizon aviation kutaurirana, RFID, pamusoro-the-horizon radar, otomatiki link kumisikidzwa (ALE) / pedyo-yakatarisana chiitiko skywave (NVIS) radio kutaurirana, marine uye nhare mbozha nharembozha. |
| Yakanyanya high frequency | VHF | 8 | 30-300MHz10-1m | FM, kutepfenyura kweterevhizheni, mutsara-wekuona pasi-kune-ndege uye ndege-kune-ndege kutaurirana, nyika nharembozha uye yegungwa kutaurirana, redhiyo yeamateur, redhiyo yemamiriro ekunze. |
| Ultra yakakwirira frequency | UHF | 9 | 300-3,000MHz1-0.1m | Nhepfenyuro yeTerevhizheni, microwave oveni, microwave zvishandiso / kutaurirana, radio astronomy, nharembozha, isina waya LAN, Bluetooth, ZigBee, GPS uye maviri-nzira maredhiyo akadai sepasi nhare, FRS uye GMRS maredhiyo, amateur radio, satellite radio, Remote control Systems, ADSB |
| Super High frequency | SHF | 10 | 3-30GHz100-10mm | Radio astronomy, microwave madivayiri/kutaurirana, wireless LAN, DSRC, radar zhinji dzemazuvano, masatellite ekutaurirana, tambo nesatellite kutepfenyura terevhizheni, DBS, amateur radio, satellite radio. |
| Yakanyanya kukwirisa frequency | EHF | 11 | 30-300GHz10-1mm | Radio astronomy, high-frequency microwave radio relay, microwave iri kure inonzwa, amateur radio, yakananga-simba rechombo, millimeter wave scanner, Wireless Lan 802.11ad |
| Terahertz kana Yakanyanya yakakwirira frequency | THz yeTHF | 12 | 300-3,000GHz1-0.1mm | Kuedza kufungidzira kwekurapa kutsiva X-rays, ultrafast molecular dynamics, condensed-matter physics, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, terahertz computing/communications, remote sensing. |
Ndapota teerera kune pasi pekupedzisira.Ndizvo here amillimeter-wave!
Zvakanaka, sezvo ma frequency epamusoro ari akanaka, sei tisina kushandisa ma frequency epamusoro kare?
Chikonzero chiri nyore:
-kwete kuti haudi kuishandisa.Ndechokuti hauzvikwanisi.
Hunhu hunoshamisa hwemafungu emagetsi emagetsi: iyo yakakwira frequency, ipfupi yewavelength, padyo neiyo mutsara kupararira (kunyanya kusiyanisa kugona).Iyo yakakwira frequency, iyo yakakura kudzikisira mukati mepakati.
Tarisa palaser pen yako (wavelength ingangoita 635nm).Chiedza chinobudiswa chakatwasuka.Kana ukaivharira, haugone kuipedza.
Wobva watarisa kutaurirana kwesetiraiti uye GPS kufamba (wavelength ingangoita 1cm).Kana pane chipingamupinyi, hapazovi nechiratidzo.
Poto hombe yesatellite inofanirwa kuverengerwa kuti inongedze setiraiti munzira kwayo, kana kunyangwe kurongeka kudiki kunokanganisa kunaka kwechiratidzo.
Kana nharembozha ichishandisa iyo yakakwira-frequency bhendi, dambudziko rayo rakakosha inzvimbo yakapfupikiswa yekufambisa, uye kugona kwekuvhara kunodzikiswa zvakanyanya.
Kuvhara nzvimbo imwechete, nhamba ye5G base stations inodiwa ichapfuura zvakanyanya 4G.
Nhamba yezviteshi zvebhesi inorevei?Mari, mari, uye mari.
Iyo yakaderera frequency, iyo yakachipa network ichave, uye zvakanyanya kukwikwidza.Ndosaka vatakuri vese vakatamburira mabhendi epasi-frequency.
Mamwe mabhendi anotonzi - mabhendi egoridhe.
Naizvozvo, zvichibva pane zvikonzero zviri pamusoro apa, pasi pechimiro cheiyo frequency yakakwira, kuderedza mutengo wekumanikidzwa kwekuvaka network, 5G inofanirwa kuwana nzira nyowani yekubuda.
Uye ndeipi nzira yekubuda nayo?
Chekutanga, pane iyo micro base station.
Micro base station
Kune marudzi maviri ezviteshi zvebhesi, micro base zviteshi uye macro base zviteshi.Tarisa zita, uye iyo micro base station idiki;iyo macro base station yakakura.
Macro base station:
Kuvhara nzvimbo yakakura.
Micro base station:
Zvidiki chaizvo.
Mazhinji ma micro base zviteshi izvozvi, kunyanya munzvimbo dzemumadhorobha uye mukati, kazhinji anogona kuonekwa.
Mune ramangwana, kana zvasvika ku5G, pachava nezvimwe zvakawanda, uye zvichaiswa kwese kwese, kunenge kwese.
Unogona kubvunza, kuchave nekukanganisa here pamuviri wemunhu kana zviteshi zvakawanda zvakatenderedza?
Mhinduro yangu ndeyekuti-kwete.
Kuwanda kwezviteshi zvebhesi, ndiko kushomeka kwemwaranzi.
Funga nezvazvo, munguva yechando, muimba ine boka revanhu, zviri nani here kuva ne-high-power heater kana akawanda mashoma-simba rinopisa?
Iyo diki base station, yakaderera simba uye inokodzera munhu wese.
Kana ingori hombe base station, iyo radiation yakakosha uye iri kure zvakanyanya, hapana chiratidzo.
Antenna iripi?
Wakamboona here kuti nharembozha dzaive neantenna refu munguva yakapfuura, uye mafoni ekutanga aive nemadiki madiki?Sei tisina antenna ikozvino?
Zvakanaka, hakusi kuti hatidi antennas;ndezvekuti antennas edu ari kuita madiki.
Zvinoenderana nehunhu hweiyo antenna, kureba kweiyo antenna kunofanirwa kuenzana newavelength, ingangoita pakati pe1/10 ~ 1/4.
Sezvo nguva ichichinja, kuwanda kwekutaurirana kwenharembozha dzedu kuri kuwedzera, uye wavelength iri kupfupika nekupfupika, uye antenna ichakurumidza kukurumidza.
Millimeter-wave kutaurirana, iyo antenna zvakare inova millimeter-level
Izvi zvinoreva kuti antenna inogona kuiswa zvachose munharembozha uye kunyange akati wandei.
Iyi ndiyo kiyi yechitatu ye5G
Yakakura MIMO (Multi-antenna tekinoroji)
MIMO, zvinoreva kuwanda-kupinza, kuwanda-kubuda.
Munguva yeLTE, isu tatova neMIMO, asi nhamba yeantenna haina kuwanda, uye Zvinogona kungotaurwa kuti ndiyo yekutanga vhezheni yeMIMO.
Munguva ye5G, tekinoroji yeMIMO inova shanduro yakakwidziridzwa yeMassive MIMO.
Nharembozha inogona kuzara nema antenna akawanda, tisingarevi nharembozha.
Mubhesi rekutanga chiteshi, kwaingova nemaantenna mashoma.
Munguva ye5G, nhamba yeantenna haiyerwe nezvimedu asi ne "Array" antenna array.
Zvisinei, antennas haafaniri kunge ari pedyo zvakanyanya.
Nekuda kwehunhu hwemaantenna, dhizaini-antenna yakawanda inoda kuti chinhambwe chiri pakati pemaantenna chichengetwe pamusoro pehafu yewavelength.Kana vakaswedera zvakanyanya, ivo vanozopindirana uye kukanganisa kutapurirana uye kugamuchirwa kwezviratidzo.
Kana base station yatumira chiratidzo, inoita segirobhu.
Chiratidzo chinobudiswa kune zvakakomberedza.Nokuti chiedza, chokwadi, ndiko kuvhenekera mukamuri rose.Kana chete kuenzanisira imwe nzvimbo kana chinhu, mazhinji emwenje anoparara.
Nzvimbo yebhesi yakangofanana;simba rakawanda uye zviwanikwa zvinoparadzwa.
Saka, kana tichigona kuwana ruoko rusingaoneki kuti tisunge chiedza chakapararira?
Izvi hazvingochengetedze simba chete asiwo zvinoita kuti nzvimbo ichavhenekerwa ine chiedza chakakwana.
Mhinduro ndihongu.
Ichi chiBeamforming
Beamforming kana spatial kusefa inzira yekugadzira chiratidzo inoshandiswa mune sensor arrays yekutungamira chiratidzo chekufambisa kana kugamuchira.Izvi zvinowanikwa nekubatanidza zvinhu mune antenna array kuitira kuti masaini pane mamwe makona awane kupindira kunovaka asi vamwe vachiona kukanganisa kunoparadza.Beamforming inogona kushandiswa pane ese ari maviri ekufambisa uye ekugamuchira migumo kuti awane kusarudzwa kwenzvimbo.
Iyi spatial multiplexing tekinoroji yachinja kubva kuomnidirectional chiratidzo chekuvhara kuenda kune chaiyo kutungamira masevhisi, haizokanganise pakati pematanda munzvimbo imwechete kuti ipe mamwe matinji ekutaurirana, inovandudza zvakanyanya base station service.
Mune yazvino nharembozha, kunyangwe vanhu vaviri vachifonerana vakatarisana, masaini anofambiswa kuburikidza nezviteshi zvepasi, zvinosanganisira masaini ekudzora uye data pakiti.
Asi munguva ye5G, mamiriro ezvinhu aya haasi iwo akadaro.
Chikamu chechishanu chakakosha che5G -D2Dndiye mudziyo kune mudziyo.
Munguva ye5G, kana vashandisi vaviri vari pasi pechigadziko chimwe chete vachitaurirana, data ravo harichafambiswa kuburikidza nechiteshi chepasi asi zvakananga kunhare mbozha.
Nenzira iyi, inochengetedza yakawanda zviwanikwa zvemhepo uye inoderedza kudzvanywa pane base station.
Asi, kana iwe uchifunga kuti haufanirwe kubhadhara nenzira iyi, saka wakarasika.
Iyo meseji yekudzora inodawo kuenda kubva kune base chiteshi;unoshandisa spectrum resources.MaOperators angakuregedzei sei?
Tekinoroji yekukurukurirana haishamisi;sechishongo chekorona chehunyanzvi hwekutaurirana, 5 G haisi iyo isingasvikike innovation revolution tekinoroji;ndiko kuwedzera kushanduka kweruzivo rwekufambiswa kwemashoko ruripo.
Sezvakataurwa neimwe nyanzvi-
Miganho yetekinoroji yekukurukurirana haina kuganhurirwa kumiganhu yehunyanzvi asi fungidziro yakavakirwa pane dzakaomarara masvomhu, ayo asingagone kutyora munguva pfupi.
Uye nzira yekuenderera mberi nekuongorora kugona kwekutaurirana mukati mechikamu chemisimboti yesainzi ndiko kutsvaga kusaneta kwevanhu vazhinji muindasitiri yekutaurirana.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-02-2021